An in-depth examination of how and why social animals establish and maintain relationships with one another, especially in large and fragmented societies. Applying the principles of evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology, this course explores: group structure and stability; conflicts and coalitions; theory of mind and social learning; and culture and communication. Current research on group-living mammals, particularly non-human primates, and human populations is emphasized. Formerly offered as ANP 362. Not for credit in addition to ANP 362.